Resumen
Introducción: los síndromes neurocutáneos son un grupo de enfermedades genéticas que afectan la piel, los ojos y los sistemas nervioso central y periférico. Dentro de estos se incluyen: neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), esclerosis tuberosa (ET), enfermedad de Von-Hippel Lindau, neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2), ataxia telangiectasia (AT) e hipomelanosis de Ito.
Objetivo: caracterizar las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes en síndromes neurocutáneos.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y ambilectivo en el servicio de Genética del Hospital General de Zona No. 20. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de algún síndrome neurocutáneo, de cualquier edad y que aceptaron participar en el estudio.
Resultados: se revisaron 39 pacientes, 21 pacientes (53.8%) eran mujeres y 18 (46.2%) hombres. La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 12 años, con un rango intercuartil (percentiles 25-75) de 6 y 17 años, respectivamente. Los síndromes neurocutáneos más frecuentes fueron: NF1 (62%) y ET (18%). Todos los pacientes presentaron manifestación cutánea y 16 pacientes (42.1%) presentaron, por lo menos, una manifestación neurológica.
Conclusiones: la interpretación oportuna de los cambios cutáneos como lesiones primarias se convierte en un valioso instrumento para la identificación temprana de alguna alteración neurológica; de igual forma, la búsqueda de cambios cutáneos debe realizarse en todo paciente en estudio inicial por manifestaciones neurológicas.
Abstract
Background: Neurocutaneous syndromes are a group of genetic diseases that affect the skin, eyes, central and peripheral nervous systems. They include Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Tuberous sclerosis (TS), Von-Hippel Lindau disease, Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) and Hypomelanosis of Ito.
Objective: To characterize the most frequent clinical manifestations in Neurocutaneous syndromes.
Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and ambivalent study was carried out in the Genetics service of the General Hospital of Zone No. 20. Patients diagnosed with any neurocutaneous syndrome of any age were included and agreed to participate in the study.
Results: Thirty-nine patients were reviewed, 21 patients (53.8%) were women and 18 (46.2%) were men. The median age of the patients was 12 years, with an interquartile range (25th-75th percentiles) of 6 and 17 years, respectively. The most frequent neurocutaneous syndromes were NF1 (62%) and ET (18%). All patients presented cutaneous manifestations, and 16 patients (42.1%) presented at least one neurological manifestation.
Conclusions: The timely interpretation of skin changes as primary lesions becomes a valuable instrument for the early identification of any neurological alteration; likewise, the search for skin changes should be carried out in all patients undergoing initial study for neurological manifestations.
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