Resumen
Introducción: la función retardada del injerto renal (FRIR) es una complicación importante en el postrasplante renal, que impacta desfavorablemente en la supervivencia del injerto y del receptor. Por ello, es relevante el establecimiento de herramientas que ayuden a predecir esta condición. Se ha estudiado la elevación del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) como predictor de FRIR, con la premisa de que su aumento se asocia a estados de inflamación sistémica y, por ende, a la FRIR.
Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre un INL elevado en el preoperatorio y el retraso en la función del injerto renal en pacientes postrasplantados de injerto renal.
Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional, analítico y longitudinal. La muestra comprendió a todos los pacientes ingresados al servicio de Nefrología de Trasplantes del Hospital de Especialidades No. 1 del Centro Médico Nacional Bajío en el año 2023.
Resultados: encontramos que un INL superior a 3.5 en el prequirúrgico de los pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal tiene una especificidad del 80% y una sensibilidad del 28%, en comparación con los pacientes que tuvieron un INL menor o igual a 3.5.
Conclusiones: no existe una asociación entre un INL elevado en el preoperatorio y el retraso en la función del injerto renal después del trasplante. Sin embargo, podría estar asociado a otros factores de riesgo, como se demuestra en el análisis multivariado, que reveló que la lesión renal aguda del donante incrementaba en casi un 200% la probabilidad de desarrollar FRIR.
Abstract
Background: Delayed graft function (DGF) is a significant complication in kidney transplantation, adversely affecting graft and recipient survival. Therefore, it is important to establish tools that help predict this condition. The elevation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as a predictor of DGF, with the premise that its increase is associated with systemic inflammation and, consequently, DGF.
Objective: To analyze the association between an elevated NLR in the preoperative period and delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients.
Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, analytical, and longitudinal study. The sample included all patients admitted to the Nephrology Transplant Service at Hospital de Especialidades No. 1, Centro Médico Nacional Bajío, in 2023.
Results: We found that an NLR greater than 3.5 in the preoperative period of patients undergoing kidney transplantation had 80% specificity and 28% sensitivity, compared to patients with an NLR of 3.5 or lower.
Conclusions: There is no association between an elevated NLR in the preoperative period and delayed kidney graft function after transplantation. However, it may be associated with other risk factors, as demonstrated in the multivariate analysis, which revealed that donor acute kidney injury increased the likelihood of developing DGF by almost 200%.
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