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Deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con hipoacusias comparados con pacientes con audición normal / Cognitive impairment in hearing impaired patients compared to normal hearing patients
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: la hipoacusia afecta a 360 millones de personas en el mundo y está vinculada al deterioro cognitivo, el cual es el principal precursor de la demencia. La pérdida auditiva es el mayor factor de riesgo modificable para el deterioro cognitivo. Este estudio analiza la relación entre hipoacusia severa/profunda y deterioro cognitivo en personas de 50 a 65 años.
Objetivo: determinar si la hipoacusia severa/profunda acelera el desarrollo del deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con esta condición comparados con pacientes con audición normal o hipoacusia leve.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado en 254 pacientes. Se evaluaron grados de hipoacusia mediante audiometría tonal y se tomaron como referencia los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), y el grado de deterioro cognitivo con el test Evaluación cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA). Las variables analizadas incluyeron edad, sexo, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico.
Resultados: 82.8% de los pacientes con hipoacusia severa/profunda presentaron deterioro cognitivo, en comparación con el 17.2% de los que tenían audición normal (p < 0.001), lo cual demostró una asociación altamente significativa entre la pérdida auditiva y el deterioro cognitivo.
Conclusiones: los pacientes con hipoacusia severa/profunda presentan mayor deterioro cognitivo que aquellos con audición normal. Un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano, como el uso de auxiliares auditivos, es clave para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo y mejorar la calidad de vida.
Abstract
Background: Hearing loss affects 360 million people worldwide and it is linked to cognitive impairment, which is the main precursor of dementia. Hearing loss is the major modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. This study examines the relationship between severe/profound hearing loss and cognitive impairment in people aged 50 to 65 years.
Objective: To determine whether severe/profound hearing loss accelerates the development of cognitive impairment in patients with this condition compared to those with normal hearing or mild hearing loss.
Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 254 patients. Degrees of hearing loss were assessed by tonal audiometry using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and the degree of cognitive impairment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. The variables analyzed included age, sex, schooling and socioeconomic level.
Results: 82.8% of patients with severe/profound hearing loss had cognitive impairment, compared to 17.2% of those with normal hearing (p < 0.001), demonstrating a highly significant association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Patients with severe/profound hearing loss have greater cognitive impairment than those with normal hearing. Early diagnosis and treatment, such as the use of hearing aids, is key to prevent cognitive impairment and improve quality of life.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.15178442
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