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Obesidad infantil y dislipidemia
Resumen
En todos los niños o adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad debe buscarse de manera intencionada la presencia de dislipidemias que sean secundarias a la obesidad, con el fin de poder prevenir un evento cardiovascular. Las dislipidemias son un grupo de enfermedades asintomáticas que comúnmente son causadas por concentraciones anormales de las lipoproteínas sanguíneas; son una comorbilidad que es común en la obesidad, independientemente de la edad del paciente. De estas enfermedades, la que tiene mayor prevalencia es la hipertrigliceridemia. Identificar anormalidades en el perfil de lípidos de la población pediátrica permite seleccionar la intensidad y el tipo de tratamiento para el paciente y su familia. El manejo inicial que debe recibir todo niño y adolescente con obesidad y dislipidemia debe basarse en la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable con la dieta y el ejercicio. Para que la adherencia al tratamiento sea exitosa, es fundamental la participación del médico en combinación con un equipo multidisciplinario. Con el tratamiento se pueden reducir los riesgos de complicaciones. La participación del especialista en el manejo del paciente pediátrico obeso con dislipidemias debe limitarse a los casos con dislipidemias severas o a aquellos en los que se busque prevenir una pancreatitis.
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