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Subtipos moleculares y características clinicopatológicas de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas / Molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Mexican women

María Guadalupe Martínez-Silva, Mariel Garcia-Chagollán, Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy, Rodolfo Hernandez-Gutierrez, Yelda Aurora Leal-Herrera, Martha Eugenia Ruiz-Tachiquín, Sergio González-López, Luis Felipe Jave-Suarez

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es una enfermedad heterogénea y multifactorial. Presenta distintas características clínicas, moleculares e histopatológicas, las cuales se asocian con la respuesta a los esquemas terapéuticos, así como al resultado clínico. La clasificación en subtipos moleculares (luminales, HER2, triple negativo y basales) ha permitido el desarrollo y aplicación de estrategias terapéuticas particulares. Sin embargo, dada la gran heterogeneidad de la enfermedad, existen aún características por elucidar en el comportamiento, etiología y resultados clínicos de cada subtipo molecular de cáncer de mama.

Métodos: se obtuvieron datos de 1695 casos de cáncer de mama invasor. Se realizaron correlaciones entre las siguientes variables: edad, diagnóstico histopatológico, grado histológico, expresión del receptor de estrógenos (ER), receptor de progesterona (PR), receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2), marcador de proliferación celular (Ki67) y citoqueratinas basales (CK 5/6). Los valores de p fueron calculados utilizando Chi cuadrada y el cociente de riesgo fue calculado con un intervalo de confianza de 95%.

Resultados: se observó un incremento en la frecuencia de los subtipos moleculares más agresivos, así como una disminución en el valor de la media de la edad en las pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. El análisis de la información indica que en pacientes menores de 40 años existe mayor riesgo a la presencia de tumores triple negativo o basales.

Conclusiones: en población mexicana, la media de edad para el diagnóstico primario de cáncer de está disminuyendo y hay mayor frecuencia de subtipos moleculares más agresivos en pacientes jóvenes.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular features and histopathologic subtypes involving different therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. Classification of breast cancer in molecular subtypes has made possible an approach to develop therapeutic strategies in order to have a better understanding of the breast cancer development. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease, there are still features to be elucidated in the behavior, etiology and clinical outcomes of each molecular subtype in breast cancer.

Methods: Variables measured in 1,695 cases of invasive breast carcinoma were age, histopathological diagnosis, histopathological grade, expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), cell proliferation marker (Ki67) and basal cytokeratins (CK 5/6). P values were obtained using Chi square test and hazard ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. 

Results: An increase of aggressive molecular subtypes of breast cancer was observed. The mean age of incidence of breast cancer patients is decreasing, and breast cancer Patients younger than 40-years-old showed higher risk to exhibit Triple negative and Basal-like tumors.

Conclusions: The mean age for this pathology is decreasing in our population and there is predominance in the differential occurrence of etiologically distinct entities of breast cancer affecting to the young women. 

 


Palabras clave


Neoplasias de la Mama; Diagnóstico; Terapéutica / Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis; Therapeutics

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000112

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