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El uso de biomarcadores en cáncer de mama / The use of biomarkers in breast cancer
Resumen
Resumen
Los avances en el entendimiento de la biología molecular del cáncer han permitido que en los últimos 30 años algunos biomarcadores en cáncer hayan logrado ser trasladados del laboratorio a la práctica clínica y se hayan ido estableciendo como herramientas sumamente importantes en el manejo de las pacientes con cáncer de mama. En esta revisión se presentan algunos biomarcadores de uso rutinario en la práctica clínica oncológica que tienen un valor clínico bien establecido para dirigir el tratamiento y establecer el pronóstico en pacientes con cáncer de mama, como el ER-alfa (receptor de estrógenos alfa), el PR (receptor de progesterona), el HER2 (receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano), el Ki-67 (marcador de proliferación Ki-67) y otros biomarcadores, como las firmas multigénicas, las cuales son usadas cada vez con más frecuencia, debido al valor clínico mostrado en diversos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y por ser cada vez más accesibles en la práctica clínica diaria. Dada la considerable importancia del cáncer de mama en la salud pública, es necesario estar actualizados con respecto a estos biomarcadores de uso clínico, los cuales nos pueden permitir brindarles a las pacientes un tratamiento más personalizado, así como conocer su pronóstico.
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of molecular biology of cancer have allowed that in the last 30 years some biomarkers in cancer have managed to be transferred from the laboratory to clinical practice and have been established as extremely important tools in the management of breast cancer patients. In this review are presented some biomarkers that are routinely used in clinical oncology practice and have a well-established clinical value to direct treatment and establish prognosis in patients with breast cancer, such as ER-alpha (estrogen receptor alpha), PR (progesterone receptor), HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), Ki-67 (Marker Of Proliferation Ki-67), and other biomarkers, such as multigenic signatures, which are used more and more frequently, due to the clinical value shown in various randomized clinical trials and for being increasingly accessible in daily clinical practice. Given the considerable importance of breast cancer in public health, it is necessary to be updated with respect to current biomarkers that have a use in clinical practice and that can serve as tools to provide patients with a more personalized treatment, as well as to know their prognosis.
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Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000118
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