ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Hemofilia adquirida: caso clínico de hemorragia por inhibidores contra el factor VIII / Acquired hemophilia: clinical case of hemorrhage caused by inhibitors against factor VIII

Arturo Olvera-Acevedo, Paulina Carreño-Pérez, Nedele Zaldívar-López, Benjamín Medina-Fonseca, Alma Duarte-Garcia

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: La hemofilia adquirida es ocasionada por anticuerpos contra los factores de la coagulación, en especial contra el factor VIII. Por ser de baja prevalencia, presentamos un caso de hemofilia adquirida idiopática exponiendo la modalidad terapéutica utilizada para facilitar a otros la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica.

Caso clínico: Mujer de 65 años que inició con hematomas no asociados a traumatismo, con astenia, adinamia y disnea. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron anemia (hemoglobina 7.1  g/dl, hematocrito 21%, volumen corpuscular medio 91 fl, hemoglobina corpuscular media 29.6 pg) y tiempos de coagulación prolongados (tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado [TTPa] 100 segundos), con tiempo de protrombina e INR (International Normalized Ratio) dentro de parámetros normales (17 y 1.2 segundos, respectivamente), por lo que se realizaron pruebas de dilución con plasma sin corrección del TTPa (1:2, 76.6 segundos; 1:4, 60 segundos; 1:8, 45 segundos), evidenciando la presencia del inhibidor. El diagnóstico se confirmó con la disminución del factor VIII (1%) y la presencia de inhibidor del factor VIII (256 UB). Se inició tratamiento con prednisona y ciclofosfamida. Por presentar hemorragia grave requirió tratamiento con concentrado de complejo de protrombina activado y posteriormente se indicó rituximab, con mejoría clínica, incremento en los niveles de hemoglobina y reducción del TTPa desde la primera semana de tratamiento.

Conclusiones: El abordaje de la hemofilia adquirida debe incluir el control de la hemorragia, la búsqueda de la etiología descartando las principales causas de neoplasias malignas de acuerdo con la edad y el sexo, y el inicio inmediato de inmunosupresión para disminuir los niveles de inhibidor.

Abstract

Background: Acquired hemophilia is caused by antibodies against coagulation factors, especially against factor VIII. As it is a low prevalence disease, our objective is to present an idiopathic case of acquired hemophilia to facilitate decision-making in clinical practice for others, exposing the therapeutic modality used.

Case report: 65 years old woman, started with non-trauma hematomas, with asthenia, adynamia and dyspnea. Laboratory studies showed anemia (hemoglobin 7.1 g/dl, hematocrit 21%, mean corpuscular volume 91 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 29.6 pg) and long clotting times (activated partial thromboplastin time 100 seconds) and with prothrombin time and International Normalized Index (17 seconds and 1.2 seconds respectively). So, plasma dilution tests were performed with plasma, without aPTT correction (1:2, 76.6  seconds; 1:  4, 60  seconds; 1:  8, 45  seconds) evidencing the presence of the inhibitor. The diagnosis was confirmed by the decrease in factor VIII (1%) and the presence of the factor VIII inhibitor (256 UB). The treatment started with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Due to the presence of severe bleeding, treatment with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (CCpa) was required. Subsequently, Rituximab was prescribed, with clinical improvement and increased levels of hgb and reduced aPTT from the first week of treatment

Conclusions: The approach of acquired hemophilia should include control of the bleeding, the search for the etiology ruling out of the main causes of malignant neoplasms according to age and gender, and the immediate initiation of immunosuppression to decrease inhibitor levels.


Palabras clave


Hemofilia A; Factor VIII; Inmunosupresores / Hemophilia A; Factor VIII; Immunosuppressive agents

Texto completo:

PDF HTML

Referencias


Franchini M, Mannucci PM. Acquired haemophilia A: a 2013 update. Thromb Haemost. 2013;110(6):1114-20.

Kessler CM, Knöbl P. Acquired haemophilia: an overview for clinical practice. Eur J Haematol. 2015;95: 36-44.

Huang SY, Tsay W, Lin SY, Hsu SC, Hung MH, Shen MC. A  study of 65  patients with acquired hemophilia A in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2015;114(4):321-7.

Sarah L, Prantik D, Gary B. Systemic therapy in acquired haemophilia — a single institute experience. Ulster Med J. 2016;85(3):187-92.

Collins P, Baudo F, Knoebl P, Lévesque H, Nemes L, Pellegrini F, et al. Immunosuppression for acquired hemophilia A: results from the European Acquired Haemophilia Registry (EACH2). Blood. 2012;120(1):47-55.

Baudo F, Collins P, Huth-Kuhne A, Levesque H, Marco P, Nemes L, et  al. Management of bleeding in acquired hemophilia: results of the European Acquired Hemophilia Registry (EACH2). Blood. 2012;120(1):39-46.

Wiestner A, Cho HJ, Asch AS, Michelis MA, Zeller JA, PeerschKe EIB, et al. Rituximab in the treatment of acquired factor VIII inhibitors. Blood. 2002;100(9): 3426-8.

Zeng Y, Zhou R, Duan X, Long D. Rituximab for eradicating inhibitors in people with acquired haemophilia A. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7(7):CD011907.

Sheth C, Gill A, Sekhon S. Life-threatening hemorrhage from acquired hemophilia A as a presenting manifestation of prostate cancer. J  Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2016;6(4):32461.

Franchini M, Gandini G, Di Paolantonio T, Mariani G. Acquired hemophilia A: a concise review. Am J Hematol. 2005;80(1):55-63.

Tiede A, Klamroth R, Scharf RE, Trappe RU, Holstein K, Huth-Kühne A, et al. Prognostic factors for remission of and survival in acquired hemophilia A (AHA): results from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study. Blood. 2015;125(7): 1091-7.

Grahammer F, Fischer KG. Successful immunoadsorption of life-threatening bleeding in factor VIII inhibitor disease, but no long-term remission with anti-CD20 treatment. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015:10-3.

Franchini M, Capra F, Nicolini N, Veneri D, Manzato F, Baudo F, et  al. Drug-induced anti-factor VIII antibodies: a systematic review. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13(4):55-61.

Lee JJ, Chung IJ, Park MR, Yang DH, Cho AH, Ryang DW, et al. Acquired hemophilia successfully treated with oral immunosuppressive therapy. Korean J Intern Med. 2012;120(1):39-46.

Lian ECY, Villar MJ, Noy LI R-DZ. Acquired factor VIII inhibitor treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. Am J Hematol. 2002;69(4):294-5.

Charlebois J, Rivard GE, St-Louis J. Management of acquired hemophilia A: review of current evidence. Transfus Apher Sci. 2018;57(6):717-20.

Lassila R. Management of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors. Thromb Res. 2019;181(January):S60-1.

De Moerloose P, Fischer K, Lambert T, Windyga J, Batorova A, Lavigne-Lissalde G, et  al. Recommendations for assessment, monitoring and follow-up of patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia. 2012;18(3):319-25.

Kruse-Jarres R, Kempton CL, Baudo F, Collins PW, Knoebl P, Leissinger CA, et al. Acquired hemophilia A: updated review of evidence and treatment guidance. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(7):695-705.

 




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000106

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.