Introducción: la lumbalgia crónica (LC) es un padecimiento frecuente en el ámbito de la Ortopedia. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a LC en pacientes atendidos durante 2012, en un Hospital General del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, en Yucatán, México.
Métodos: se identificaron de la consulta externa de Ortopedia 95 casos y 190 controles, comparando entre grupos diversos datos demográficos y clínicos mediante modelo de regresión logístico (ML) binario del que se obtuvieron las razones de momios (RM) y los intervalos de confianza de 95 % (IC 95 %).
Resultados: fueron incluidos en el ML la escolaridad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC, como variable continua), la manipulación de objetos pesados, la presencia de comorbilidad y de dislipidemia, siendo identificados como estadísticamente significativas: el nivel secundaria de la escolaridad (RM 0.25, IC 95 %: 0.08 a 0.81), la dislipidemia (RM 0.26, IC 95 %: 0.12 a 0.56), la manipulación de objetos pesados (RM 0.22, IC 95 %: 0.12 a 0.42) y el IMC (RM 1.22, IC 95 %: 1.12 a 1.32).
Conclusiones: la escolaridad secundaria, la ausencia de dislipidemia y no manipular objetos pesados redujeron el riesgo de LC, mientras que la obesidad lo incrementó.
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