Social and cultural barriers in pregnancy adolescents
Main Article Content
Keywords
Pregnancy, Adolescent, Communication barriers, Contraception
Abstract
Objective: to compare pregnant adolescents of 15 and 19 years old to non-pregnant adolescents of the same age group with active sexual life in order to explore the existing relationship of the social and cultural barriers and the accessing of methods of birth control.
Methods: a case-control study was performed in a six month period at Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The cases included pregnant adolescents of 15-19 years of age; the controls were non-pregnant adolescents with an active sexual life of the same age group. The size of the sample was of 96 adolescents, 48 cases and 48 controls. It was calculated RM to obtain associations of a 95 % IC.
Results: the non-utilization of birth control methods was associated with pregnancy (OR = 2.78, CI 95 % = 1.21-6.36), low education (OR = 2.66, 95 % CI = 0.97-7.29), and no medical service access (OR = 2.23, CI 95 % = 0.96-5.18).
Conclusions: the social and cultural barriers were associated with pregnancy during the adolescence.
References
United Nations Population Fund. State of world population. New York: UNFPA; 2004.
Churchill D, Allen J, Pringle M, Hippisley-Cox J, Ebdon D, Macpherson M, et al. Consultation patterns and provision of contraception in general practice before teenage pregnancy: case-control study. BMJ 2000;321(7259):486-489. Disponible en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC27465/?tool=pubmed
Vundule C, Maforah F, Jewkes R, Jordaan E. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy among sexually active black adolescents in Cape Town. A case control study. S Afr Med J 2001;91(1):73-80.
Bartz D, Shew M, Ofner S, Fortenberry D. Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive behaviors among adolescent women: a coital event level analysis. J Adolesc Health 2007; 41(3):271-276.
Consejo Nacional de Población. Porcentaje de adolescentes (mujeres) en el año 2000, con base en las Encuestas Nacionales Sociodemográficas. México: Conapo; 2000.
Partida V. La transición demográfica y el proceso de envejecimiento en México. México: Consejo Nacional de Población; 2004. [Consultado en agosto de 2008]. Disponible en http://www.conapo.gob.mx/publicaciones/inicios/001. htm
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México: INSP; 2008. [Consultado en agosto de 2008]. Disponible en http://www.insp.mx/ensanut/ensanut2006.pdf.
González-Garza C, Rojas-Martínez R, Hernández-Serrato MI, Olaíz-Fernández G. Perfil del comportamiento sexual en adolescentes mexicanos de 12 a 19 años de edad. Resultados de la ENSA 2000. Salud Publica Mex 2005; 47(3):209-218.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Porcentajes de nacimientos registrados de madres adolescentes (menores de 20 años) por entidad federativa 2004-2005. México: INEGI; 2005.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática. Porcentaje de nacimientos registrados de madres adolescentes (menores de 20 años) por entidad federativa 2007. México: INEGI; 2007.
Davis K, Blake J. Social structure and fertility: an analytic framework. Economic Development Cultural Change 1956; 4:211-235.
Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. Second edition. New York: Wiley; 1981. p. 38-45.
Imamura M, Tucker J, Hannaford P, da Silva MO, Astin M, Wyness L, et al. Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in the European Union Countries: A systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2007;17(6):630-636.
Langer A. El embarazo no deseado: impacto sobre la salud y la sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2002;11(3):192-204.
Sharma AK, Verma K, Khatri S, Kannan AT. Determinants of pregnancy in adolescents in Nepal. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69(1):19-22.
Lipovsek V, Karim AM, Gutiérrez EZ, Magnani RJ, Castro-Gómez MC. Correlates of adolescents pregnancy in La Paz Bolivia: findings from a quantitative-qualitative study. Adolescence 2002;37(146):335-352.
Mensch B, Kandel DB. Drug use a risk factor for premarital teen pregnancy and abortion in a national sample of young white women. Demography 1992;29(3):409-429.
Kiragu K, Zabin LS. Contraceptive use among high school students in Kenia. Int Fam Plan Perspect 1995;21(3):106-113.
Jewkes R, Vundule C, Maforah F, Jordaan E. Relationship dynamics and teenage pregnancy in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2001;52(5):733-744.