Associated factors in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation
Main Article Content
Keywords
Fetal Growth Retardation, Infant, Low Birth Weight
Abstract
Objective: to identify the risk factors implicated in the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) of neonates born in a social security institution.
Methods: case controls design study in 376 neonates: 188 with IUGR (weight < 10 percentile) and 188 without IUGR. When they born, information about 30 variables of risk for IUGR were obtained from mothers. Risk analysis and logistical regression (stepwise) were used.
Results: odds ratios were significant for 12 of the variables. The model obtains by stepwise regression included: weight gain at pregnancy, prenatal care attendance, toxemia, chocolate ingestion, father’s weight, and the environmental house.
Conclusions: must of the variables included in the model are related to socioeconomic disadvantages related to the risk of RCIU in the population.
References
Smith CA. Effects of maternal undernutrition upon the newborn infant in Holland. J Pediatr 1947;30:229-243.
Antonov AN. Children born during the siege of Leningrad in 1942. J Pediatr 1947:250-259.
Rider RV, Tayback M, Knobloch H. Associations between premature birth and socio-economic status. Am J Public Health 1955;45:1022-1028.
Crump EP, Horton CP, Masouka J, Donadla R. Growth and development I. Relation of birth weight in Negro infants to sex, maternal age, parity, prenatal care and socio-economic status. J Pediatr 1957;51:678-697.
Crump EP, Payton E, Horton CP. Growth and development IV. Relationship between maternal nutrition and socio-economic index, and weight of mother and birth weight of infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1959;77:562-572.
Villar J, Belizan JM. Relative contribution of prematurity and fetal growth retardation to low weight in developing and developed societies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;143:793-798.
Kramer MS. Socioeconomic determinants of intrauterine growth retardation. En: Scrimshaw N, Schürch B, editors. Proceedings Consultive Group (I/D/E/C/G) Workshop: causes and consequences of intrauterine growth retardation; 1996. Disponible en http:// www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/UID03E/ uid/uid03s00.htm
National Institutes of Health. Medical encyclopedia: intruterine growth restriction. Disponible en http://www. nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/ 001500.htm
Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Using de CDC growth charts: identifying poor growth in infants. Disponible en http://depts.washington. edu/growth/poorgrowth/text/page2b.htm
United Nations, ACC/SCN. Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition throughout the life cycle. Disponible en http://www.unsystem.org/SCN/archives/rwns/begin.htm
Bobadilla JL. Quality of perinatal care in Mexico City. Perspectives in public health. Serie Perspectivas en Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, México: INSP; 1988. p. 18-21.
Feinstein AR. Clinimetrics. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1987.
Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1989.
Bronfman M, Guiscafré H, Castro V, Castro R, Gutiérrez G. La medición de la desigualdad: una estrategia metodológica, análisis de las características socioeconómicas de la muestra. Arch Invest Med 1988;19:351-360.
Schesselman JJ. Case control studies. Design, conduct, analysis. New York: Oxford University Press; 1982. p. 144-169.
Pérez-Escamilla R, Pollit E. Causes and consequences of intrauterine growth retardation en Latin America. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1992;26:128-147.
Neel NR, Álvarez JO. Factores de riesgo de malnutrición fetal en un grupo de madres y neonatos guatemaltecos. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1991; 110:93-107.
Rondo PH, Tomkins AM. Maternal and neonatal anthropometry. Ann Trop Pediatr 1999;19:349-356.
Collins JW, Martín CR. Relation to traditional risk factors to intrauterine growth retardation among United States-born and foreing-born Mexican American in Chicago. Eth Dis 1998;8:21-25.
Fikree FF, Berendes HW. Risk factors for term intrauterine growth retardation. A communitybased study in Karachi. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:581-587.
Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment an meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ 1987;65:663-737.
Strauss RS, Dietz WH. Low maternal weight gain in the second or third trimester increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation. J Nutr 1999; 129:988-993.
Donaldson PJ, Billy JO. The impact of prenatal care on birth weight: evidence from an international data set. Med Care 1984;22:177-188.
Coria SI, Bobadilla JL, Nolzon F. The effectiveness of antenatal care in preventing intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight due to preterm delivery. Int J Qual Health Care 1996;8:13-20.
Vik T, Markestand T, Ahlsten G, Gebre-Medhin M, Jacobsen G, Hoffman HL, et al. Body proportions and early neonatal morbidity in small-forgestational-age infants of successive births. Act Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;165(Suppl):76-81.
Derham RJ, Hawkins DF, De Vries LS, Aver VR, Elder MG. Outcome of pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension and delivered before 34 weeks: stepwise logistic regretion analysis of prognostic factors. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1989;96:1173-1181.
Fernández-Jonusas S, Ceriani-Cernadas JM. Efectos de la hipertensión arterial durante el embarazo sobre el peso al nacer, retardo del crecimiento in trauterino y evolución neonatal. Estudio de casos y controles. An Esp Pediatr 1999;50:52-56.
Piper JM, Langer O, Xenakis EM, McFarland M, Elliot BD, Berkus MD. Perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses: Do hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies differ? Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:149-159.
Simpson WJ. A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1957;73:807-815.
Windham GC, Eaton A, Hopkins B. Evidence of an association between environmental tobacco exposure and birth weight: a meta-analysis and new data. Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1999;13:35-57.
Matsubara F, Kida M, Tamakoshi A, Wakai K, Kamura T, Ohno Y. Maternal active and pasive smoking and fetal growth. A prospective study in Nagoya, Japan. J Epidemiol 2000;10:335-343.
Dejmek J, Solansky I, Podrazilova K, Srám RJ. The exposure of nonsmoking and smoking mothers to environmental tobacco smoke during different gestational phases and fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 2002;01:601-606.
Gupta PC, Sreevidya S. Smokeless tobacco use, birth weight, and gestational age: population based, prospective cohort study of 1217 women in Mumbai, India. BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj. 38113. 687882.EB. (Publicado el 15 de junio de 2004).
Olsen J, Rachootin P, Schiodt AV. Alcohol use, conception time and birth weight. J Epidemiol Community Health 1983;37:63-65.
Lundsberg LS, Bracken MB, Saftlas AF. Lowmoderate gestational alcohol use and intrauterine growth retardation, low weight and preterm delivery. Ann Epidemiol 1997;7:498-508.
Borges G, López-Cervantes M, Medina-Mora ME, Tapia-Conyer R, Garrido F. Alcohol consumption, low birth weight, and preterm delivery in National Addiction Survey (Mexico). Int J Addict 1993;28:355-368.
Gale R, Zengen S, Harlap S, Fischer AF, Stevenson DK. Birth out wedlock and the risk of intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Perinatol 1998;5:278-282.
Kurup AO, Viegas O, Singh VK, Ratnam SS. Pregnancy outcome in unmarried multigravidae in Singapure. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1989;30:305-311.
Nieto A, Matorras R, Serra M. Valenzuela P, Molero S. Multivariate analysis of determinants of fetal growth retardation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994;53:107-113.
Santos IS, Victora CG, Huttly S, Morris S. Caffeine intake and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analytic review. Cad Saude Publica 1998;14:523-530.
Andersson HC, Hallstöm H, Kihlman BA. Intake of caffeine and other methylxantines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their fetuses. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers; 2005. Disponible en http:/ /www.norden.org
Vik T, Bakketeig LS, Trygg KU, Lund-Larsen K, Jacobsen G. High caffeine consumption in the third trimester of pregnancy: gender specific effects on fetal growth. Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2003;17:324-331.
Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, Hellenbrand K, Leaderer BP. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-466.