Predictores de calidad de vida y diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en Latinoamérica: revisión sistemática
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Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1, Calidad de Vida, América Latina
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus es un grave problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Es una enfermedad metabólica de predominio en la infancia y se caracteriza por la persistencia de una glucemia elevada como consecuencia de un déficit en la secreción o en la acción de la insulina. Es de evolución crónica e impacta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Con el fin de describir los predictores de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en los países latinoamericanos se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science con los términos “SF-36”, “WHOQOL” y “diabetes”. Se identificaron 2168 artículos, de los cuales solo cinco fueron incluidos en el análisis cualitativo. Se encontró que la comorbilidad y las complicaciones disminuyen la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, y que factores como la adecuada adherencia terapéutica, el buen control metabólico y el bienestar psicosocial y emocional impactan positivamente en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. La comorbilidad y las complicaciones que presentan los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 son los principales predictores de mala calidad de vida.
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