La necesidad de un cambio de paradigma en atención materna: Modelo AMIIMSS, alcances y retos

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Claudio Quinzaños-Fresnedo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7735-6505
Brendha Ríos-Castillo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-3172
Hugo César Hernández-Gordillo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-5932
Célida Duque-Molina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3205

Keywords

Obstetricia, Parto, Entorno del Parto, Lactancia Materna, Atención Prenatal

Resumen

Sin duda, se han logrado grandes avances en materia de morbimortalidad materno-infantil. Sin embargo, la calidad de la atención en las instituciones de seguridad social es cuestionable, tal como lo reflejan las proporciones de nacimientos mediante cesárea al triple de lo recomendado por la OMS, el abandono en la lactancia materna y el hecho que hasta una de cada tres mujeres es víctima de maltrato durante la atención. Ante esto, el IMSS ha decidido implementar el modelo denominado Atención Materna Integral AMIIMSS, centrado en las personas usuarias y con sustento en la atención obstétrica amigable, que abarca distintas etapas. Cuatro pilares sustentan al modelo: empoderamiento de la mujer, adaptación de la infraestructura, capacitación y adecuación de procesos y normas. Si bien hay avances, con 73 salas de prelabor habilitadas y 14,103 atenciones amigables otorgadas, hay retos y desafíos por vencer.


En materia de empoderamiento, falta incluir el plan de parto como una práctica institucional. En cuanto a adecuación de infraestructura, se requiere presupuesto para construir y adecuar espacios amigables. Además, es necesaria la actualización de las plantillas de personal e inclusión de nuevas categorías para una adecuada operación del programa. Sobre capacitación, está pendiente la adecuación de planes formativos de médicos y enfermeras. En materia de procesos y normatividad, falta evaluación cualitativa del impacto sobre la experiencia y la satisfacción de las personas y la eliminación de la violencia obstétrica.

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