Hallazgos histopatológicos asociados a remisión clínica completa en pacientes con nefritis lúpica
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Palabras clave
Nefritis Lúpica, Biopsia, Patología, Remisión Renal, Estudios de Cohorte
Resumen
Introducción: la nefritis lúpica (NL) es una afección grave del lupus eritematoso. Los pacientes que no alcanzan remisión presentan una supervivencia renal a 10 años del 19%.
Objetivo: evaluar los hallazgos histopatológicos de NL asociados con remisión completa > 12 meses después de la biopsia renal.
Material y métodos: cohorte retrospectiva de adultos con lupus (criterios EULAR/ACR 2019) y biopsia renal realizada entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2021. Se recolectaron datos clínicos, bioquímicos e histopatológicos al momento de la biopsia; la función renal (creatinina sérica, tasa de filtrado glomerular estimada [TFGe] y proteinuria/día) fue medida durante todo el estudio (final en junio de 2023).
Resultados: se incluyeron 38 pacientes. Al comparar los grupos sin remisión (n = 13) frente a remisión completa (n = 18), únicamente el grado de fibrosis intersticial y atrofia tubular (IFTA) (grado 2: 46% frente a 11%, respectivamente) y el índice de cronicidad [5.0 (4.0–6.5) frente a 3.0 (1.0–5.0)] mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05). Al final del estudio, el grupo sin remisión, en comparación con el grupo en remisión completa, presentó menor TFGe [57 (10–100) frente a 104 (87–123) mL/min/1.73 m², p < 0.05] y mayor proteinuria [4.00 (1.82–8.00) frente a 0.25 (0.16–0.39) g/día, p < 0.05]. En el análisis de regresión logística, solo la proteinuria [RM 0.72 (IC95% 0.54–0.98), p = 0.03] predijo la remisión.
Conclusiones: los hallazgos histopatológicos asociados con remisión completa de NL > 12 meses fueron un menor IFTA y un menor índice de cronicidad. En el análisis multivariado, la única variable significativa que predijo la remisión fue la proteinuria basal.
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