Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y retinopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Retinopatía Diabética, Respuesta Inflamatoria Innata
Resumen
Introducción: la retinopatía diabética es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Un inadecuado control glucémico puede favorecer un estado inflamatorio crónico. El Índice neutrófilo-linfocito se ha utilizado como marcador de inflamación sistémica.
Objetivo: correlacionar el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito con el grado de retinopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se investigó el grado de retinopatía, la cifra de glucosa, la HbA1C y el recuento de neutrófilos y linfocitos para calcular el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito. Para comprobar la hipótesis, en el análisis estadístico se utilizó prueba exacta de Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y Rho de Spearman. Se consideró significación estadística con una p < 0.05.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes; edad 65 ± 10 años. La media del Índice neutrófilo-linfocito fue de 2.5 ± 1.1. El 56% de los pacientes presentó retinopatía no proliferativa leve, 14% no proliferativa moderada y 30% proliferativa de alto riesgo; se encontró correlación positiva entre el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y el grado de retinopatía, r 0.532 (p = 0.000).
Conclusiones: los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con un mayor grado de retinopatía diabética presentaron un Índice neutrófilo-linfocito más elevado. Se encontró correlación positiva entre el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y el grado de retinopatía diabética.
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