Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y retinopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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Maria Tula Cuevas-Acuña https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-9206
José Alfredo Jiménez-Sánchez https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0964-3478
Ismael Rosano-Carrasco https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6402-3335

Palabras clave

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Retinopatía Diabética, Respuesta Inflamatoria Innata

Resumen

Introducción: la retinopatía diabética es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Un inadecuado control glucémico puede favorecer un estado inflamatorio crónico. El Índice neutrófilo-linfocito se ha utilizado como marcador de inflamación sistémica.


Objetivo: correlacionar el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito con el grado de retinopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.


Material y métodos: estudio transversal y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se investigó el grado de retinopatía, la cifra de glucosa, la HbA1C y el recuento de neutrófilos y linfocitos para calcular el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito. Para comprobar la hipótesis, en el análisis estadístico se utilizó prueba exacta de Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y Rho de Spearman. Se consideró significación estadística con una p < 0.05.


Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes; edad 65 ± 10 años. La media del Índice neutrófilo-linfocito fue de 2.5 ± 1.1. El 56% de los pacientes presentó retinopatía no proliferativa leve, 14% no proliferativa moderada y 30% proliferativa de alto riesgo; se encontró correlación positiva entre el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y el grado de retinopatía, r 0.532 (p = 0.000).


Conclusiones: los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con un mayor grado de retinopatía diabética presentaron un Índice neutrófilo-linfocito más elevado. Se encontró correlación positiva entre el Índice neutrófilo-linfocito y el grado de retinopatía diabética.

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