Sospecha de sarcopenia como predictor de toxicidad en personas mayores con cáncer

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Luis Javier Hernández-García https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2847-346X
Mauri López-Ahumada https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3021-6205
Ignacio Mariscal-Ramírez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-7902
Óscar Rosas-Carrasco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-5882
María Claudia Espinel-Bermúdez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-8537
Hugo Alonso Rodríguez-Ortega https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4531-7599
José Brayan Picazo-Turrado https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7944-0644
Betsabé Contreras-Haro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-3481

Palabras clave

Evaluación Geriátrica, Terapia Sistémica Neoadyuvante, Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos

Resumen

Introducción: el estado funcional es considerado el estándar para la administración de terapia sistémica; sin embargo, en las personas mayores con cáncer este criterio pudiese resultar insuficiente.


Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre sospecha de sarcopenia y toxicidad por tratamiento sistémico en personas mayores con cáncer.


Material y métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectiva que incluyó 150 personas mayores con reciente diagnóstico de cáncer, candidatas a terapia sistémica y que firmaran el consentimiento informado. Se excluyeron personas mayores con metástasis cerebral. Previo a la terapia sistémica, se realizó la evaluación de variables funcionales: fuerza muscular, sospecha de sarcopenia, fragilidad y el test de levantarse de la silla. El seguimiento se realizó previo a cada ciclo de terapia sistémica. La medición final fue considerada con la presencia de toxicidad, definida como evento adverso > grado 3 acorde a la terminología para eventos adversos, CTCAE, versión 5.0, o la finalización del esquema de tratamiento.


Resultados: la incidencia de toxicidad fue de 42.7%. En la comparación entre las personas mayores sin toxicidad frente a aquellas con toxicidad, este último grupo mostró una mayor frecuencia de tabaquismo, sospecha de sarcopenia, fragilidad, y menor fuerza muscular. La única variable predictora de toxicidad sistémica fue la sospecha de sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.13, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1.16-3.91).


Conclusiones: la sospecha de sarcopenia fue el único predictor de toxicidad por terapia sistémica en personas mayores con cáncer.

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