Eficacia y seguridad de doble antiagregación plaquetaria corta post-stent farmacológico
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Palabras clave
Stents Liberadores de Fármacos, Duración de la Terapia, Hemorragia, Trombosis , Terapia Antiagregante Plaquetaria
Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la terapia antiplaquetaria dual de corta duración (menor a 6 meses) frente a la prolongada (más de 12 meses) tras la implantación de un stent liberador de fármaco. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como PubMed y Google Scholar de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2025, centrándose en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios observacionales y metaanálisis recientes. Los principales resultados analizados fueron eventos isquémicos mayores (muerte cardiovascular, infarto de miocardio, trombosis del stent), hemorragias mayores y mortalidad por todas las causas. La evidencia disponible demuestra que la doble terapia antiagregante plaquetaria de corta duración no es inferior a la prolongada en la prevención de eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores y se asocia de forma consistente con una reducción significativa del riesgo de sangrado mayor, con un beneficio clínico neto superior cuando se aplica una estrategia de desescalada individualizada, especialmente con el uso de stents liberadores de fármacos de nueva generación, lo que respalda que la pauta abreviada sea una recomendación viable y, en muchos pacientes con alto riesgo hemorrágico, la opción preferente. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de integrar el perfil de riesgo isquémico-hemorrágico en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas personalizadas.
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