Cytokines and nervous system: relationship with schizophrenia

Authors

  • Luis Javier Ramirez-Jirano <p>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Biom&eacute;dica de Occidente, Divisi&oacute;n de Neurociencias, Neuroinmunomodulaci&oacute;n. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p> http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2299-6721
  • Sandra Fabiola Velasco-Ramírez <p>Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier&iacute;as, Departamento de Qu&iacute;mica. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p>
  • Gloria Aleida Pérez-Carranza <p>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Biom&eacute;dica de Occidente, Divisi&oacute;n de Neurociencias, Neuroinmunomodulaci&oacute;n. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p>
  • Carolina Domínguez-Díaz <p>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Biom&eacute;dica de Occidente, Divisi&oacute;n de Neurociencias, Neuroinmunomodulaci&oacute;n. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p>
  • Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero <p>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Biom&eacute;dica de Occidente, Divisi&oacute;n de Neurociencias, Neuroinmunomodulaci&oacute;n. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p>

Keywords:

Schizophrenia, Cytokines, Neurotransmitter Agents, Inflammation, Nervous System

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder of mental symptoms and alterations, characterized by presenting abnormal ideas and perceptions, in which the individual loses contact with reality as a result of a complex neuropsychological disorganization, which affects the affective, intellectual and behavioral functioning; as well as inducing a significant social dysfunction.

The etiology of schizophrenia is extremely complex, and is not very clear yet; it is believed to be the result of the combination of genetic factors and the environment.

Numerous neurotransmitters have been implicated in this disease, as is the case of dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.

The role of the inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has been postulated, where a prenatal immune "challenge" during the second trimester of pregnancy can be key to the development of the disease.

Some of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) play a key role in the processes of modulation of the nervous system functions related to affective, emotional and social alterations in subjects with schizophrenia.

The mechanisms associated with inflammation and the anti-inflammatory defense system that may be associated with the development of schizophrenia are still unknown.

This review was intended to address schizophrenia, in regards to the mechanisms associated with inflammation and the anti-inflammatory defense system in its development.

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Author Biography

  • Luis Javier Ramirez-Jirano, <p>Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Biom&eacute;dica de Occidente, Divisi&oacute;n de Neurociencias, Neuroinmunomodulaci&oacute;n. Guadalajara, Jalisco, M&eacute;xico</p>

    Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo egresado de la Universidad de Colima, con grados de Maestro y Doctor en Genética Humana por la Universidad de Guadalajara, realice una estancia posdoctoral en el Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas. Así mismo tengo un Diplomado en Formación Docente, auspiciado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.

    Actualmente Laborando en el Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente y Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Nivel 1.

    Profesor de Genética Humana, Bioestadística y Metodología de la Investigación, a nivel licenciatura y posgrado, involucrado en diversos proyectos de investigación desde 1997, relacionados con shock endotóxico, Daño Oxidativo, aspectos moleculares de Papilomavirus Humano, Dengue, Enfermedad de Chagas, Leptospirosis, Hantavirus, Influenza A H1N1, Modelos Animales, Esclerosis Múltiple y Encefalitis Autoinmune Experimental. También he impartido conferencias y cursos, tanto en congresos nacionales como internacionales. Revisor de tesis de Maestría y Doctorado, así como también en la revisión de protocolos sometidos para financiamiento.

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Published

2019-10-16

Issue

Vol. 57 No. 2 (2019): March-April

Section

Review Article

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