Stress, anxiety, and depression in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Main Article Content
Keywords
Occupational Stress, Performance Anxiety, Depression, Health Personnel
Abstract
Background: Mental health is an integral part of health. Having some psychiatric condition without treatment predisposes to a poor quality of life. These alterations have been found with an incidence of up to 50% in the general population. There are very few studies in Mexico on these conditions in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in health workers.
Material and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted on health workers in a tertiary hospital, through the application of randomized and self-completed surveys, in search of levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: 44.7% of those surveyed showed depression, 83.1% anxiety, and 66.3% stress. The main groups affected were female staff, singles, and medical residents. Those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in health workers is similar to that of the general population in our study. Depression was the alteration most found. The scrutiny of alterations in mental health in health workers is of the utmost importance, with greater emphasis in the context of the aforementioned pandemic.
References
Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA.;323(16):1574-81. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394.
McKibbin WJ, Fernando R. The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: seven scenarios. CAMA Working Paper 19/2020. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3547729.
Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228- 9. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8.
Pfefferbaum B, North C. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):510-12. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMp2008017 5.
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/ jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
Salud Mental. México: Gobierno de México; 2020. Disponible en: https://coronavirus.gob.mx/salud-mental.
Conde V, Useros E. Adaptación castellana de la escala de evaluación conductual para la depresión de Beck. Rev Psiquiatr Psicol Med Eur Am. 1975;12:217-36.
Torres-Castillo M, Hernández-Malpica E, Ortega-Soto HA. Validez y reproductibilidad del inventario para depresión de Beck en un hospital de cardiología. Salud Mental. 1991;14:1-6. Disponible en: http://www.revistasaludmental.com.mx/index. php/salud_mental/article/view/434.
Robles R, Varela R, Jurado S, Páez F. Versión mexicana del inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas Versión mexicana del inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas. Rev Mex Psicol. 2001;18:211-8
Borden JW, Peterson DR, Jackson EA. The Beck Anxiety Inventory in nonclinical samples: Initial psychometric properties. J Psychopatol Behav Assess. 1991;13:345-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00960446.
Test de estrés laboral. México: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; [sin fecha de publicación]. Disponible en: http://www.imss.gob.mx/sites/all/statics/salud/estreslaboral/Test-Estres-Laboral.pdf.
Robles R, Morales-Chainé S, Bosch A, Astudillo-García C, Feria M, Infante S, et al. Mental mealth problems among COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers and the other country-level epidemics: the case of Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):421. doi:10.3390/ijerph19010421.
Allan SM, Bealey R, Birch J, Cushing T, Parke S, Sergi G, et al. The prevalence of common and stress-related mental health disorders in healthcare workers based in pandemic affected hospitals: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020;11(1):1810903. doi:10.1080/ 20008198.2020.1810903.
Ghio L, Patti S, Piccinini G, Modafferi C, Lusetti E, Mazzella M, et al. Anxiety, depression and risk post-traumatic stress disorder in health workers: the relationship with Burnout during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9929. doi:10.3390/ijerph18189929.
Young KP, Kolcz DL, O’Sullivan DM, Ferrand J, Fried J, Robinson K. Health care workers’ mental health and quality of life during COVID-19: results from a mid-pandemic, national survey. Psychiatr Serv. 2021;72(2):122-8. doi: 10.1176/appi. ps.202000424.
Suryavanshi N, Kadam A, Dhumal G, Nimkar S, Mave V, Gupta A, et al. Mental health and quality of life among health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Brain Behav. 2020;10(11):e01837. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1837.
Monterrosa-Castro A, Dávila-Ruiz R, Mejía-Mantilla A, Contreras-Saldarriaga J, Mercado-Lara M, Flores-Monterrosa C. Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2):195-213. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3890.
Aly HM, Nemr NA, Kishk RM, Elsaid NMAB. Stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers facing COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: a cross- sectional online-based study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(4):e045281. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-045281.
Tan BYQ, Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo LLL, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(4):317- 20. doi: 10.7326/M20-1083 20.
Torre-Muñoz V, Farias-Cortés JD, Reyes-Vallejo LA, Guillen-Díaz-Barriga C. Riesgos y daños en la salud mental del personal sanitario por la atención a pacientes con Covid-19. Rev Mex Urol. 2020;80(3):1-9. doi: 10.48193/revistamexicanadeurologa.v80i3.653.
Asnakew S, Amha H, Kassew T. Mental health adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in north west Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat. 2021:17;1375-84. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S306300.
Real-Ramírez J, García-Bello LA, Robles-García R, Martínez M, Adame-Rivas K, Balderas-Pliego M, et al. Well-being status and post-traumatic stress symptoms in health workers attending mindfulness sessions during the early stage of theCOVID-19 epidemic in Mexico. Salud Mental. 2020;43(6): 303-10. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.041.
Juárez-García A, Camacho-Ávila A, García-Rivas J, Gutiérrez-Ramos O. Psychosocial factors and mental health in Mexican healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Salud Mental. 2021;44(5):229-40. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.03.