Mortality in patients with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury on hemodialysis
Main Article Content
Keywords
Nephrology, Hemodialysis, Acute Kidney Injury, Mortality, COVID-19
Abstract
Background: A high in-hospital mortality has been identified in patients with COVID-19 who develop acute kidney injury, particularly in those who received renal replacement therapy. In our country there are few studies up until now that report the proportion of deaths in this group of patients.
Objective: To identify the proportion of deaths in patients with COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury and required hemodialysis.
Material and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out and the total population was studied. It included patients over 18 years of age who required dialysis, who received one or more sessions of conventional hemodialysis. The data were obtained from the electronic file and the registry of the hemodialysis unit. For the descriptive analysis, measures of central tendency were used and the proportion of deaths in patients with COVID-19 was calculated.
Results: The study population was made up of 40 patients; the proportion of deaths was 86.1%. The average number of days elapsed from admission to the development of acute kidney injury and dialysis requirement was 5.2 days and the average number of hemodialysis sessions received was 1.7 sessions.
Conclusions: In this study it was documented a high proportion of deaths in patients with COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury and required renal replacement therapy, which coincides with similar studies reported internationally.
References
Soleimani M. Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(9):3275. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093275.
Gabarre P, Dumas G, Dupont T, Darmon M, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(7):1339-48. doi: 10.1007/ s00134-020-06153-9.
Lynch M, Tang J. COVID-19 and Kidney Injury. R I Med J (2013). 2020;103(8):24-8.
Robbins S, Qian L, King K, Stevens J, Husain S, Radhakrishnan J, et al. Outcomes for Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(8):1149-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.013.
Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, Barsoum RS, Burdmann EA, Goldstein SL, et al.; Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney International Supplements. 2012;2(1):1-138.
Ng J, Luo Y, Phua K, Choong A. Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(4):647-79. doi: 10.1016/j. jinf.2020.05.009.
Ng J, Hirsch J, Hazzan A, Wanchoo R, Shah HH, Malieckal DA, et al; Northwell Nephrology COVID-19 Research Consortium. Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(2):204-15. e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.002.
Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97(5):829-38. doi: 10.1016/j. kint.2020.03.005.
Kellum J, Lameire N; KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1). Crit Care. 2013;17(1):204. doi: 10.1186/cc11454.
Casas-Aparicio GA, León-Rodríguez I, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, González-Navarro M, Peralta-Prado AB, Luna-Villalobos Y et al. Acute Kidney Injury in patients with severe COVID-19 in Mexico. PLoS ONE. 16(2): e0246595. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0246595.
Martínez-Rueda AJ, Álvarez RD, Méndez-Pérez RA, Fernández-Camargo DA, Gaytan-Arocha JE, Berman-Parks N, et al. Community and Hospital Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Different Phenotypes and Dismal Prognosis. Blood Purification. 2021;14080. doi: 10.1159/000513948.
Nadim MK, Forni LG, Mehta RL, Connor MJ Jr, Liu KD, Ostermann M, et al; COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(12):747-64. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-00356-5.
Fominskiy EV, Scandroglio AM, Monti G, Calabrò MG, Landoni G, Dell’Acqua A, et al; COVID-BioB Study Group. Prevalence, Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy. Blood Purif. 2021;50(1):102-9. doi: 10.1159/000508657.
Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan S, Razi S, Abediazar S, Shoja M, Ardalan M, et al. Covid-19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Rev Med Virol. 2021;31(3): e2176. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2176.
Ronco C, Reis T, Husain F. Management of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):738- 42. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30229-0.
Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, Ehrenfeld JM, Wang L, Byrne DW, et al; SMART Investigators and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(9):82939. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1711584.
Ramirez-Sandoval JC, Gaytan-Arocha JE, Xolalpa-Chávez P, Mejia-Vilet JM, Arvizu-Hernandez M, Rivero-Sigarroa E, et al. Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Blood Purif. 2021;50(3):355-63. doi: 10.1159/000510996.
Hassanein M, Radhakrishnan Y, Sedor J, Vachharajani T, Vachharajani VT, Augustine J, et al. COVID-19 and the kidney. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;87(10):61931. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.20072.
Bowe B, Cai M, Xie Y, Gibson A, Maddukuri G, Al Z. Acute Kidney Injury in a National Cohort of Hospitalized US Veterans with COVID-19. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;16(1):14-25. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09610620.
Kant S, Menez SP, Hanouneh M, Fine DM, Crews DC, Brennan DC, et al. The COVID-19 nephrology compendium: AKI, CKD, ESKD and transplantation. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02112-0.
Fabrizi F, Alfieri C, Cerutti R, Lunghi G, Messa P. COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens. 2020;9(12):1052. doi: 10.3390/ pathogens9121052.
Ayón-Aguilar J, Méndez-Martínez S, Toledo-Tapia R, García-Flores MA, Mayoral-Ortiz A, Tlecuitl-Mendoza N et al. Influencia de factores de riesgo sobre mortalidad por COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2022;60(4):433-9. Disponible en: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/ index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4546/4407.
Sousa G, Garces T, Cestari V, Florêncio R, Moreira T, Pereira M. Mortality and survival of COVID-19. Epidemiol Infect. 2020; 148:e123. doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001405.
Ángeles-Garay U, Velázquez-García JA, Hernández-González C, Velázquez-Chávez Y, Hernández-Flores NG, Portilla-Aguilar M et al. Factores asociados a defunción en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2021;59(5):423-30. Disponible en: http://revistamedica. imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/ 4091/4277.
Article Sidebar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain their copyright and grant the Revista Médica del IMSS the right of first publication. Articles are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which allows sharing as long as the author and the original source are properly credited.