Factors for spirometric impairment in survivors of severe coronavirus-19 disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668030Keywords:
Vacunación, Espirometría, COVID-19 / Vaccination, Spirometry, COVID-19Abstract
Background: Patients with severe coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) have more spirometric alterations, especially a restrictive pattern characterized by low forced vital capacity (FVC). Some variables associated with this alteration in lung function have been described, such as hypoxemia, vaccination and hand strength, which in turn are related to the magnitude of lung damage.
Objective: To analyze different clinical variables and their association with alterations in spirometry in survivors of severe COVID-19.
Material and methods: Retrospective and observational study of survivors of severe COVID-19 sent for their first spirometry, hand dynamometry, and 6-minute walk (6MW) in a secondary care unit during 2021.
Results: 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were protective factor (odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% CI [95% CI]: 0.1-0.8, p = 0.02) and hospitalization (> 15 days) was a risk factor for spirometric alterations (FVC < 80% of predicted) (OR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.3-6.8, p = 0.00); hand weakness, SpO2 desaturation > 4% in 6MW, and days of hospitalization were associated with low FVC.
Conclusions: A hospitalization > 15 days and having 2 doses of vaccination are risk and protective factors, respectively, of having a low FVC. Days of hospitalization, vaccination status, and FVC allowed to identify clusters of severe COVID-19 survivors with greater deterioration.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2024. Disponible en: https://covid19.who.int/
Secretaría de Salud. Exceso de mortalidad 2024. México: Secretaría de Salud. Disponible en: https://coronavirus.gob.mx/exceso-de-mortalidad-en-mexico/
Berlin DA, Gulick RM, Martínez FJ. Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(25):2451-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2009575.
Copin MC, Parmentier E, Duburcq T, et al. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive Care Med. 2020;V46(6):1124-6. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06057-8.
Faverio P, Luppi F, Rebora P, et al. One-year pulmonary impairment after severe COVID-19: a prospective, multicenter follow-up study. Respir Res. 2022;23(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-01994-y.
Esposito A, Palmisano A, Cao R, et al. Quantitative assessment of lung involvement on chest CT at admission: Impact on hypoxia and outcome in COVID-19 patients. Clin Imaging. 2021;77:194-201. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.04.033.
Lakhia RT, Trivedi JR. The CT Scan Lung Severity Score and Vaccination Status in COVID-19 patients in India: Perspective of an Independent Radiology Practice. F1000 Research. 2024;13:154. doi: doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.145771.1.
Anastasio F, Barbuto S, Scarnecchia E, et al. Medium-term impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(3):1-11. doi: 10.1183/13993003.04015-2020.
Zhang S, Bai W, Yue J, et al. Eight months follow-up study on pulmonary function, lung radiographic, and related physiological characteristics in COVID-19 survivors. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93191-y.
George PM, Barratt SL, Condliffe R, et al. Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thorax. 2020;75(11):1009-16. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215314.
Lerum TV, Aaløkken TM, Brønstad E, et al. Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings 3 months after hospital admission for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(4). doi: 10.1183/13993003.03448-2020.
Sibila O, Albacar N, Perea L, et al. Sequelae in lung function in patients with COVID-19 three months after hospital discharge. Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57 (4):59-61. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.01.036.
Wong AW, López-Romero S, Figueroa-Hurtado E, et al. Predictors of reduced 6-minute walk distance after COVID-19: a cohort study in Mexico. Pulmonology. 2021;27(6):563-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.03.004.
COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. USA: National Institutes of Health; updated February 29, 2024 [the website will be shut down on August 16, 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Barjaktarevic IZ, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):E70-88. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST.
Roberts H, Enison H, Artin H, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age & Aging. 2011;423-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afr051.
Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Ciurtin C, et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nat Commun. 2020;1-10. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19741-6.
Rees EM, Nightingale ES, Jafari Y, et al. COVID-19 length of hospital stay: a systematic review and data synthesis. BMC Med. 2020;18(270):1-22. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01726-3.
Cheval B, Sieber S, Maltagliati S, et al. Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12:1136-43. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12738.
Carlucci A, Paneroni M, Carotenuto M, et al. Prevalence of exercise-induced oxygen desaturation after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and use of lung ultrasound to predict need for pulmonary rehabilitation. Pulmonology. 2023;29 Suppl 4:S4-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.05.008.
Eksombatchai D, Id TW, Phongnarudech T. Pulmonary function and six-minute-walk test in patients after recovery from COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. PLoS. 2021;16(9):1-10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257040.
Bernal JL, Andrews N, Gower C, et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ. 2021;373(n1088):1-11. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1088.
Olsho L, Martinez AJ, Fowlkes AL, et al. Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2021;1-10. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107058.
Ochman M, Latos M, Galle D, et al. COVID-19 Among Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study. Transplantation Proceedings. 2022;4:4-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.011.
Alonso AC, Silva-Santos PR, Quintana MSL, et al. Physical and pulmonary capacities of individuals with severe coronavirus disease after hospital discharge: A preliminary cross-sectional study based on cluster analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021;76:e3540. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3540.
Vázquez J, Tornero F, Toral R, et al. Proposed procedures for the evaluation of impairment in occupational respiratory diseases. Neumol Cir Torax. 2017;76(3):271-84. doi:10.35366/75186.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2025-06-16 (2)
- 2024-08-30 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain their copyright and grant the Revista Médica del IMSS the right of first publication. Articles are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which allows sharing as long as the author and the original source are properly credited.
