Educación médica e inteligencia artificial: perspectivas y desafíos éticos
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Palabras clave
Inteligencia Artificial, Educación Médica, Formación Profesional, ChatGPT
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) impulsa la innovación en la educación médica al facilitar aprendizaje personalizado, retroalimentación inmediata y simulaciones clínicas. No obstante, plantea riesgos como la pérdida de habilidades humanas, desinformación y problemas éticos. ChatGPT ha ganado protagonismo por su capacidad de generar texto, aunque sin comprensión real. En el presente artículo se buscó analizar el uso de la IA, con énfasis en ChatGPT, en la formación médica, para identificar beneficios, limitaciones e implicaciones éticas, por lo cual se hizo una revisión integrativa cualitativa con búsqueda sistemática en PubMed (2020-2025), utilizando descriptores MeSH relacionados con inteligencia artificial y educación médica. Se incluyeron 37 artículos en inglés, de acceso abierto y texto completo. La información fue analizada y sintetizada mediante un enfoque temático, organizado en 4 ejes: aplicaciones pedagógicas, beneficios, desafíos y recomendaciones éticas, gracias a lo cual tuvimos los siguientes resultados: la IA apoya la simulación clínica, personalización del aprendizaje y acceso equitativo. Se destacan beneficios como el razonamiento clínico y el aprendizaje autónomo. Persisten desafíos, como sesgos, privacidad y desinformación. Se proponen 5 pilares para su integración y una clasificación profesional en consumidores, traductores y desarrolladores. La curaduría digital surge como eje clave para garantizar calidad y confiabilidad. Concluímos que la IA puede transformar la educación médica si se implementa con ética, supervisión y un enfoque humanista.
Referencias
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