Crisis climática y salud mental: revisión de alcance de ecoansiedad en adultos latinoamericanos

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Silvia Jessica Guarderas-Muñoz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-7754
Carlos Carrera-Reyes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-8855
Luis Fuenmayor-González https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-7692

Palabras clave

Ansiedad, Cambio Climático, Salud Mental, Adulto Jóven, Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales

Resumen

La ecoansiedad es la respuesta emocional a la crisis climática, caracterizada por angustia persistente, preocupación ambiental y síntomas físicos y conductuales que afectan la vida diaria. En adultos jóvenes latinoamericanos carece de una definición uniforme y presenta variabilidad en los instrumentos y factores asociados. Se realizó una revisión de alcance según las guías del JBI y PRISMA-ScR, sin restricción de año o idioma, en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, BIREME-BVS y SciELO. Dos revisores independientes seleccionaron, extrajeron y sintetizaron los datos de estudios observacionales y experimentales, sin evaluar el riesgo de sesgo.


Se incluyeron cinco estudios latinoamericanos que emplearon herramientas como la Climate Change Anxiety Scale y medidas autorreportadas adaptadas. Entre los factores de riesgo se identificaron ser mujer, antecedentes de ansiedad, percepción de inacción gubernamental y exposición a eventos extremos. La mayoría de los trabajos fue de diseño transversal y reportó asociaciones entre la preocupación climática y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y disfunción social.


La investigación regional es limitada y carece de estandarización conceptual. La ecoansiedad en adultos jóvenes de América Latina constituye un fenómeno emergente con implicaciones clínicas, sociales y ambientales. Es necesario desarrollar estudios longitudinales y aplicar metodologías diagnósticas rigurosas para consolidar su conceptualización e incorporarla a las políticas públicas y a los sistemas de salud.

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