Detección temprana de resistencia a la insulina en embarazadas
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Palabras clave
Diabetes Gestacional, Resistencia a la insulina, Embarazadas
Resumen
Introducción: la diabetes gestacional por resistencia a la insulina (RI) es un problema de salud prioritario para la OMS dadas sus consecuencias para la madre y el producto.
Objetivo: determinar la conveniencia del HOMA-IR como detección temprana de resistencia a la insulina en el primer trimestre de embarazo.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo y correlacional en 30 embarazadas, elegidas por conveniencia. En el primer semestre se determinó RI mediante la prueba HOMA-IR con puntos de corte por índice de masa corporal (IMC) pregestacional en el primer trimestre y curva de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (CTOG) al segundo trimestre. Se realizó análisis con SPSS mediante los estadísticos: normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk; correlación con r de Pearson y Spearman, diferencia de medias para muestras independientes con test de Levene, t de Student y U de Mann-Whitney, así como análisis de riesgo respecto al IMC.
Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 27 años. No se encontró relación de HOMA-IR con las variables sociodemográficas ni con el IMC pregestacional. Durante el primer trimestre, Homa-IR detectó RI en el 56.6% de las embarazadas; mientras que en el segundo trimestre, la CTOG detectó RI en el 66.3% de las embarazadas. Se encontró relación moderada entre los valores de HOMA-IR y CTOG a la hora y a las dos horas, pero no en ayuno. La diferencia de medias entre los grupos con y sin RI de HOMA-IR persistió en las pruebas de CTOG de ayuno, a la hora y a las dos horas. Los índices de masa corporal de sobrepeso y obesidad no representaron riesgo significativo.
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