Democratización de la enucleación anatómica endoscópica de próstata con energía bipolar
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Palabras clave
Próstata, Hiperplasia Prostática, Prostatectomía, Terapia por Láser, Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos
Resumen
La enucleación prostática con energía bipolar (BipolEP) se ha posicionado como una alternativa eficaz, segura y costo-efectiva para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), especialmente en glándulas de gran tamaño. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la evidencia reciente sobre BipolEP y compararla con otras técnicas de enucleación endoscópica con láser de holmio o de tulio. Se realizó una revisión mediante una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed de artículos publicados principalmente entre 2020 y 2025 y se incluyeron 35 estudios relevantes. La evidencia analizada demuestra que BipolEP logra la remoción completa del adenoma prostático, la mejora de Qmax e IPSS y la disminución del volumen residual posmiccional, con tasas de complicaciones comparables a las de las tecnologías láser. Su hemostasia superior reduce el costo de equipamiento, al permitir realizar una enucleación completa con resección del adenoma enucleado con técnica de mushroom sin necesidad de un morcelador, y permite una curva de aprendizaje más corta gracias a que los urólogos están acostumbrados al resector bipolar y favorecen su implementación en centros con recursos limitados. Sin embargo, aunque la evidencia disponible respalda su eficacia y reproducibilidad, persiste la necesidad de estudios multicéntricos con seguimiento prolongado que consoliden su durabilidad y estandarización.
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