Dolor crónico en pacientes con cáncer de mama
##plugins.themes.themeEleven.article.main##
Palabras clave
Neoplasias de la mama, Dolor Crónico, Neuralgia, Dolor Posoperatorio
Resumen
El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en la mujer. Aun cuando la mayoría de las mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama sobreviven, muchas de ellas experimentan dolor como parte del proceso de enfermedad o como un efecto colateral de los procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos. Dado que el dolor crónico en las pacientes con cáncer de mama es una experiencia compleja, el objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica disponible en la base datos PubMed en idioma inglés entre enero de 2000 y septiembre de 2019 sobre la epidemiología, factores de riesgo, características clínicas, estrategias preventivas y tratamiento del dolor crónico en pacientes con cáncer de mama, ya que el conocimiento de estos aspectos es trascendental para identificar, tratar y vigilar a las pacientes a largo plazo, a fin de evitar una mayor afectación en su calidad de vida, ya de por sí alterada.
Referencias
1. Cronin-Fenton DP, Norgaard M, Jacobsen J, Garne JP, Ewertz M, Lash TL, et al. Comorbidity and survival of Danish breast cancer patients from 1995 to 2005. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(9):1462-8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603717
2. Mouridsen HT, Bjerre KD, Christiansen P, Jensen MB, Moller S. Improvement of prognosis in breast cancer in Denmark 1977-2006, based on the nationwide reporting to the DBCG Registry. Acta Oncol. 2008;47(4):525-36. doi:10.1080/02841↠02027009
3. Costa WA, Monteiro MN, Queiroz JF, Goncalves AK. Pain and quality of life in breast cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017;72(12):758-63. doi:10.6061/clinics/2017(12)07
4. Bao T, Seidman A, Li Q, Seluzicki C, Blinder V, Meghani SH, et al. Living with chronic pain:perceptions of breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;169(1):133-40. doi:10.1007/s10549-018-4670-9
5. Mejdahl MK, Andersen KG, Gärtner R, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Persistent pain and sensory disturbances after treatment for breast cancer:six year nationwide follow-up study. BMJ. 2013;346:f1865. doi:10.1136/bmj.f1865
6. Jung BF, Ahrendt GM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH. Neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery:proposed classification and research update. Pain. 2003;104(1-2):1-13.
7. Couceiro TC, Menezes TC, Valenca MM. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome:the magnitude of the problem. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2009;59(3):358-65.
8. Gahm J, Wickman M, Brandberg Y. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with inherited risk of breast cancer--prevalence of pain and discomfort, impact on sexuality, quality of life and feelings of regret two years after surgery. Breast. 2010;19(6):462-9. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2010.05.003
9. Brummett CM. Chronic pain following breast surgery. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2011;15:124-32. doi.10.1053/j.trap.2011.07.001
10. Romero A, Torà-Rocamora I, BaréM, Barata T, Domingo L, Ferrer J, et al. Prevalence of persistent pain after breast cancer treatment by detection mode among participants in population-based screening programs. BMC Cancer. 2016:16(1);735-84. doi 10.1186/s12885-016-2768-1
11. Beyaz SG, Ergönenc JS, Ergönenc T, Sönmez ÖU, Erkorkmaz Ü, Altintoprak F. Postmastectomy pain:A cross-sectional study of prevalence, pain characteristics, and effects on quality of life. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016:129(1):66-71. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.172589
12. Meijuan Y, Zhiyou P, Yuwen T, Ying F, Xinzhong C. A retrospective study of postmastectomy pain syndrome:incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and influence on quality of life. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:159732. doi:10.1155/2013/159732
13. Bokhari FN, McMillan DE, McClement S, Daeninck PJ. Pilot study of a survey to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for chronic neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012:39(2):E141-9. doi:10.1188/12.ONF.E141-E149
14. Juhl AA, Christiansen P, Damsgaard TE. Persistent pain after breast cancer treatment:a questionnaire-based study on the prevalence, associated treatment variables, and pain type. J Breast Cancer. 2016;19(4):447-54. doi:10.4048/jbc.2016.19.4.447
15. Kurita GP, Sjogren P. Pain management in cancer survivorship. Acta Oncol. 2015;54(5):629-34. doi:10.3109/0284X.2014.996662
16. Schou Bredal I, Smeby NA, Ottesen S, Warncke T, Schlichting E. Chronic pain in breast cancer survivors:comparison of psychosocial, surgical, and medical characteristics between survivors with and without pain. J Pain Symp Manag. 2014;48(5):852-62. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.12.239
17. Gärtner R, Jensen MB, Nielsen J, Ewertz M, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery. JAMA. 2009;302(18):1985-92. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1568
18. Forsythe LP, Alfano CM, George SM, McTieman A, Baumgartner KB, Bernstein L, et al. Pain in long-term breast cancer survivors:the role of body mass index, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137(2):617-30. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2335-7
19. Johannsen M, Christensen S, Zachariae R, Jensen AB. Socio-demographic, treatment-related, and health behavioral predictors of persistent pain 15 months and 7-9 years after surgery:a nationwide prospective study of women treated for primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;152(3):645-58. doi:10.1007/s10549-015-3497-x
20. Alves Nogueira E, Bergmann A, do Amaral E Silva B, Padula Ribeiro AC, de Souza Abrahäo K, da Costa Leite Ferreira MG, et al. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome:incidence and risks. Breast. 2012;21(3):321-5. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2012.01.019
21. Wang L, Guyatt GH, Kennedy SA, Romerosa B, Kwon HY, Kaushal A, et al. Predictors of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. CMAJ. 2016;188(14):E352-61. doi:10.1503/cmaj.151276
22. Schreiber KL, Kehlet H, Belfer I, Edwards RR. Predicting, preventing and managing persistent pain after breast cancer surgery:the importance of psychosocial factors. Pain Manag. 2014;4(6):445-59. doi:10.2217/pmt.14.33
23. van Helmond N, Timmerman H, van Dasselaar NT, van de Pol CC, Olesen SS, Drewes AM, et al. High body mass index is a potential risk factor for persistent postoperative pain after breast cancer treatment. Pain Physician. 2017;20(5):E661-71.
24. Fakhari S, Atashkhoei S, Pourfathi H, Farzin H, Bilehjani E. Postmastectomy pain syndrome. IJWHR. 2017;5(1):18-23. doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2017.04
25. Andersen KG, Duriaud HM, Jensen, HE, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Predictive factors for the development of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. Pain. 2015;156(12):2413-22. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000298
26. VanDenKerkhof EG, Hopman WM, Goldstein DH, Wilson RA, Towheed TE, Lam M, et al. Impact of perioperative pain intensity, pain qualities, and opioid use on chronic pain after surgery:a prospective cohort study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012;37(1):19-27. doi:10.1097/AAP.0b013e318237516e
27. De Oliveira GS Jr, Chang R, Khan SA, Hansen NM, Khan JH, McCarthy RJ, et al. Factors associated with the development of chronic pain after surgery for breast cancer:a prospective cohort from a tertiary center in the United States. Breast J. 2014;20(1):9-14. doi:10.1111/tbj.12207
28. Kambur O, Kaunisto MA, Tikkanen E, Leal SM, Rippatti S, Kelso EA. Effect of catechol-o-methyltransferase-gene (COMT) variants on experimental and acute postoperative pain in 1000 women undergoing surgery for breast cancer. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(6):1422-33. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000013
29. De Gregori M, Diatchenko L, Belfer I, Allegri M. OPRM1 receptor as new biomarker to help the prediction of post mastectomy pain and recurrence in breast cancer. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(8):894-900.
30. Nissenbaum J. From mouse to humans:discovery of the CACNG2 pain susceptibility gene. Clin Genet. 2012:82(4):311-20. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01924.x
31. Habib AS, Kertai MD, Cooter M, Greenup RA, Hwang S. Risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer:a prospective observational study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(2):192-9. doi:10.1136/rapm-2018-000040
32. Cho AR, Kwon JY, Kim KH, Lee HJ, Kim HK, Kim ES, et al. The effects of anesthetics on chronic pain after breast cancer surgery. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(3):685-93. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827ee372
33. Langford DJ, Paul SM, West C, Levine JD, Hamolsky D, Elboim C, et al. Persistent breast pain following breast cancer surgery is associated with persistent sensory changes, pain interference, and functional impairments. J Pain. 2014;15(12):1227-37. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.08.014
34. Steyaert A, Forgot P, Dubois V, Lavand`homme P, De Kock M. Does the perioperative analgesic/anesthetic regimen influence the prevalence of chronic pain after mastectomy. J Clin Anesth. 2016;33;20-5. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.07.010
35. Cheng GS, Ilfeld BM. An evidence-based review of the efficacy of perioperative analgesic techniques for breast cancer-related surgery. Pain Med. 2017;18(7):1344-56. doi:10.1093/pm/pnw172
36. Larsson IM, Sorensen JA, Bille C. The post-mastectomy pain syndrome- A systematic review of the treatment modalities. Breast J. 2017;23(3):338-43. doi:10.1111/tbj.12739
##plugins.themes.themeEleven.article.sidebar##
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores conservan sus derechos de autor y otorgan a la Revista Médica del IMSS el derecho de primera publicación. Los artículos se distribuyen bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional, que permite su difusión siempre que se reconozca al autor y la fuente original.