Factores predictores de retinopatía del prematuro en un hospital del Bajío
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Palabras clave
Retinopatía del Prematuro, Recién Nacido Prematuro, Factores de Riesgo, Ceguera
Resumen
Introducción: la retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) es una enfermedad que afecta los vasos sanguíneos de la retina de los recién nacidos prematuros (RNPT) y es una de las principales causas de ceguera infantil prevenible.
Objetivo: analizar los factores predictores de retinopatía del prematuro en un hospital del Bajío, México.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron RNPT con edad gestacional (EG) ≤ 34 semanas o peso al nacer (PN) ≤ 1750 g, y RNPT con EG > 34 semanas y con PN ≥ 1750 g que hayan cursado con una evolución clínica inestable. Se recabaron datos demográficos y clínicos, así como el examen de la retina.
Resultados: se analizaron 148 RNPT. Los principales factores asociados a ROP fueron EG < 30 semanas (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, p 0.0002), PN < 1000 g (OR 4.50, p <0.0001), ducto arterioso persistente con repercusión hemodinámica (DAP HS) (OR 2.88, p 0.01), displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) (OR 7.04, p < 0.0001), hemorragia IV (HIV) grado ≥ III (OR 5.55, p 0.02), sepsis tardía (OR 2.28, p 0.02) y transfusión de glóbulos rojos (OR 2.6, p 0.01). La alimentación con leche materna exclusiva (LME) mostró OR 0.22, p 0.01. La oxigenoterapia ≥ 52 días y la ventilación mecánica invasiva (MVI) ≥ 11 días fueron determinantes para ROP (AUC 0.60 y 0.74, p < 0.0001).
Conclusión: los factores asociados a ROP fueron EG < 30 semanas, PN < 1000 g y además el DAP HS, HIV grado III, sepsis tardía y transfusión de globulos rojos.
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