Predictive factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a hospital from Bajío

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects the blood vessels of the retina in premature infants (PTIs) and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness.

Objective: To analyze the predictive factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a hospital in the Bajío region of Mexico.

Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. PTIs with a gestational age (GA) ≤ 34 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤ 1750 g, and PTIs with a GA > 34 weeks and BW ≥ 1750 g who had an unstable clinical course were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected, as well as retinal examination results.

Results: 148 PTIs were analyzed. The main factors associated with ROP were gestational age < 30 weeks (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, p 0.0002), birth weight < 1000 g (OR 4.50, p <0.0001), patent ductus arteriosus with hemodynamic compromise (PDA HS) (OR 2.88, p 0.01), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (OR 7.04, p <0.0001), intravenous hemorrhage (IVH) grade ≥ III (OR 5.55, p 0.02), late-onset sepsis (OR 2.28, p 0.02), and red blood cell transfusion (OR 2.6, p 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was also associated with ROP (OR 0.22, p 0.01). Oxygen therapy ≥ 52 days and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) ≥ 11 days were determinants for ROP (AUC 0.60 and 0.74, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Factors associated with ROP were GA < 30 weeks, BW < 1000 g, as well as PDA HS, stage III HIV infection, late-onset sepsis, and red blood cell transfusion.