Molecular diagnosis of breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implication
Main Article Content
Keywords
Molecular Epidemiology, Therapeutics, Neoplasm Grading, Breast Neoplasms
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women in the world. In Mexico, since 2006, this disease has become the leading cancer-related cause of death in women. It is estimated that incidence and mortality will continue to rise due to population aging, to changes in reproductive patterns, to a higher prevalence of risk factors and to limited access to medical care, resulting in delayed early diagnosis and timely treatment. The latter factors are the ones to improve in developing countries to decrease the high incidence and mortality associated with this disease. Recently, there is a great interest regarding breast cancer heterogeneity, and it is anticipated that the application of new technologies will improve our comprehension of this disease and will be reflected in a benefit for patients in the short term. Here, we review updated information on molecular diagnosis and therapeutics, as well as recent highlights in the biology of breast cancer.
References
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12. Morrow M, Schnitt SJ, Norton L. Current management of lesions associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(4):227-38. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.8
13. Heisey R, Carroll JC. Identification and management of women with a family history of breast cancer:Practical guide for clinicians. Can Fam Physician. 2016;62(10):799-803.
14. Freer PE. Mammographic breast density:impact on breast cancer risk and implications for screening. Radiographics. 2015;35(2):302-15. doi:10.1148/rg.352140106
15. Gaudet MM, Gierach GL, Carter BD, Luo J, Milne RL, Weiderpass E, et al. Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts Reveals Breast Cancer Risk Factors by Tumor Molecular Subtype. Cancer research. 2018;78(20):6011-21. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0502
16. Cárdenas-Sánchez J, Bargalló-Rocha JE, Bautista-Piña V, Cervantes-Sánchez G, Erazo Valle-Solís AA, Flores-Balcázar CH et al. Consenso Mexicano sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer mamario. Gac Mex Oncol. 2017;16(Suppl 1):7-78. Disponible en:http://www.gamo-smeo.com/files/es/4500ax181-pdf-completo.pdf
17. Giuliano AE, Connolly JL, Edge SB, Mittendorf EA, Rugo HS, Solin LJ, et al. Breast Cancer-Major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(4):290-303. doi:10.3322/caac.21393
18. Arce C, BargallóE, Villaseñor Y, Gamboa C, Lara F, Pérez-Sánchez V, et al. Oncoguía:Cáncer de Mama. Cancerología. 2011;6:77-86. Disponible en:http://incan-mexico.org/revistainvestiga/elementos/documentosPortada/1327324685.pdf
19. Rao R, Euhus D, Mayo HG, Balch C. Axillary node interventions in breast cancer A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2013;310(13):1385-94. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.277804
20. Pérez-Sánchez VM, Vela-Chávez TA, Mora-Tiscareño A. Diagnóstico Histopatológico y Factores Pronóstico en Cáncer Infiltrante de Glándula Mamaria. Cancerología. 2008;3:7-17. Disponible en:http://incan-mexico.org/revistainvestiga/elementos/documentosPortada/1215565831.pdf
21. Hobday TJ, Perez EA. Molecularly targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Control. 2005;12(2):73-81. doi:10.1177/107327480501200202
22. Carey LA. Directed therapy of subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncologist. 2011;16(Suppl 1):71-8. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2011-S1-71
23. Prat A, Perou CM. Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer. Mol Oncol. 2011;5(1):5-23. doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2010.11.003
24. The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490(7418):61-70. doi:10.1038/nature11412
25. Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Thurlimann B, Senn HJ. Strategies for subtypes--dealing with the diversity of breast cancer:highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011. Ann Oncol. 2011;22(8):1736-47. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr304
26. Howlader N, Cronin KA, Kurian AW, Andridge R. Differences in Breast Cancer Survival by Molecular Subtypes in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(6):619-26. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0627
27. Bidard FC, Peeters DJ, Fehm T, Nole F, Gisbert-Criado R, Mavroudis D, et al. Clinical validity of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer:a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(4):406-14. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70069-5
28. Kroemer G, Senovilla L, Galluzzi L, Andre F, Zitvogel L. Natural and therapy-induced immunosurveillance in breast cancer. Nat Med. 2015;21(10):1128-38. doi:10.1038/nm.3944
29. Carey LA. Breast cancer:HER2--a good addiction. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012;9(4):196-7. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.36
30. Gu G, Dustin D, Fuqua SA. Targeted therapy for breast cancer and molecular mechanisms of resistance to treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2016;31:97-103. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2016.11.005
31. Ho AY, Gupta G, King TA, Perez CA, Patil SM, Rogers KH, et al. Favorable prognosis in patients with T1a/T1bN0 triple-negative breast cancers treated with multimodality therapy. Cancer. 2012;118(20):4944-52. doi:10.1002/cncr.27480
32. Carey L, Winer E, Viale G, Cameron D, Gianni L. Triple-negative breast cancer:disease entity or title of convenience?Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2010;7(12):683-92. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.154
33. Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, et al. Atezolizumab and Nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(22):2108-21. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809615
34. Lehmann BD, Bauer JA, Chen X, Sanders ME, Chakravarthy AB, Shyr Y, et al. Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(7):2750-67. doi:10.1172/JCI45014
35. Lu X, Kang Y. Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2007;12(2-3):153-62. doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9047-3
36. Lorusso G, Ruegg C. New insights into the mechanisms of organ-specific breast cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2012;22(3):226-33. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.03.007
37. Goncalves R, Bose R. Using multigene tests to select treatment for early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11(2):174-82. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0025
38. Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C. Luminal breast cancer:from biology to treatment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10(9):494-506. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124
39. Pfeffer U, Romeo F, Noonan DM, Albini A. Prediction of breast cancer metastasis by genomic profiling:where do we stand?Clin Exp Metastasis. 2009;26(6):547-58. doi:10.1007/s10585-009-9254-y
40. Bargallo JE, Lara F, Shaw-Dulin R, Perez-Sánchez V, Villarreal-Garza C, Maldonado-Martinez H, et al. A study of the impact of the 21-gene breast cancer assay on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer in a Mexican public hospital. Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2015;111(2):203-7. doi:10.1002/jso.23794
41. Whitworth P, Stork-Sloots L, de Snoo FA, Richards P, Rotkis M, Beatty J, et al. Chemosensitivity predicted by BluePrint 80-gene functional subtype and MammaPrint in the Prospective Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST). Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(10):3261-7. doi:10.1245/s10434-014-3908-y
42. Coates AS, Winer EP, Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Gnant M, Piccart-Gebhart M, et al. Tailoring therapies--improving the management of early breast cancer:St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1533-46. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv221
43. Secretaría de Salud. Prevención, Tamizaje y Referencia Oportuna de Casos Sospechosos de Cáncer de Mama en el Primer Nivel de Atención. Guía de Referencia Rápida. Catálogo Maestro de Guías de Práctica Clínica:S-001-08. México:Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud (CENETEC);2017. Disponible en:http://www.cenetec-difusion.com/CMGPC/S-001-08/RR.pdf
44. Secretaría de Salud. Tratamiento del Cáncer de Mama en Segundo y Tercer Nivel de Atención. Guía de Referencia Rápida. Catálogo Maestro de Guías de Práctica Cínica:IMSS-232-09. México:Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud (CENETEC);2017. Disponible en:http://www.cenetec-difusion.com/CMGPC/IMSS-232-09/RR.pdf
45. Red Nacional de Registros de Cáncer (RNRC). Ciudad de México:Instituto Nacional de Cancerología;2020. Disponible en:https://www.redcancer.mx/index.php
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Author Biographies
Paola Maycotte, <p>Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México.</p>
Investigadora Asociada
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS
David Medina-Benítez, <p>Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México</p><p>Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México</p>
Estudiante, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
Nicolás Ramírez-Torres, <p>Servicio de Ginecología Oncológica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México</p>
Servicio de Ginecología Oncológica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Eunice López-Muñoz, <p>Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4, Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México</p>
Médico especialista en Genética
Maestra y Doctora en Ciencias Médicas en el área de Genética
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4, Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Aurelio Valentín Mendoza-García, <p>Departamento de Anatomía Patología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional “General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México</p>
Departamento de Anatomía Patología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional “General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
Paulina Cortés-Hernández, <p>Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México</p>
Investigador Asociado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz, <p>Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México</p>
Investigador titular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
How to Cite
1.
Maycotte P, Medina-Benítez D, Ramírez-Torres N, López-Muñoz E, Mendoza-García AV, Cortés-Hernández P, et al. Molecular diagnosis of breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implication. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 15 [cited 2025 Aug. 3];58(Supl 1):S62-74. Available from: https://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/3234